Ampliación del campo de batalla (1994) es la primera novela de Michel Houellebecq con la que ganó el Premio Flore y fue muy bien recibida por la crítica española. En mayo de 1998 recibió el Premio Nacional de las Letras, otorgado por el Ministerio de Cultura francés. Su segunda novela, Las partículas elementales (Premio Novembre, Premio de los lectores de Les Inrockuptibles y mejor libro del año según la revista Lire), fue muy celebrada y polémica, igual que Plataforma. Houellebecq obtuvo el Premio Goncourt con El mapa y el territorio, que se tradujo en treinta y seis países, abordó el espinoso tema de la islamización de la sociedad europea en Sumisión y volvió a levantar ampollas con Serotonina. Las seis novelas han sido publicadas por Anagrama, al igual que H. P. Lovecraft, Lanzarote, El mundo como supermercado, Enemigos públicos, Intervenciones, En presencia de Schopenhauer, Más intervenciones y los libros de poemas Sobrevivir,El sentido de la lucha, La búsqueda de la felicidad, Renacimiento (reunidos en el tomo Poesía) y Configuración de la última orilla. Houellebecq ha sido galardonado también con el prestigioso Premio IMPAC (2002), el Schopenhauer (2004) y, en España, el Leteo (2005). En 2022 se publicó Aniquilación, una de sus obras más complejas. En 2023 Unos meses de mi vida, donde habla de las últimas polémicas que han sacudido al autor.
Poeta, ensayista y novelista francés nacido en 1958. Michel Houellebecq es un autor con un gran carisma, polémico, honesto, cínico, provocador. Uno de los escritores más reconocidos de la literatura contemporánea francesa. Houellebecq ha sido criticado por su aparente misoginia, racismo y pesimismo con tantos detractores como seguidores, entre los que me incluyo. Se ha convertido en una superestrella, como un personaje de sus novelas. Como narrador es un observador exhaustivo de la realidad, describe la sociedad actual sin miedo, disecciona, corta sin desangrar, sus palabras duelen, hieren sin matar.
En Ampliación del campo de Batalla aparecen todos los elementos que en mayor o menor medida se van a repetir en todas sus novelas.
Referencia a elementos autobiográficos, que se encuentran en el protagonista sin nombre, antihéroe, ingeniero agrónomo que trabaja como informático y que como Houellebecq sufrió una crisis amorosa que terminó en una depresión, y que le llevó a frecuentar varios centros psiquiátricos.
En todas sus novelas el personaje principal es una persona asqueada y aburrida de la vida que ha perdido la oportunidad de ser feliz, y esa felicidad era una mujer.
Suele tener relaciones conflictivas o casi inexistentes. Algún personaje se suicida. La sexualidad se describe a veces maravillosa, a veces deprimente obscena y vacía. El valor de la mujer es su belleza, juventud y sexualidad, la vejez, decrepitud parecen defectos y producen rechazo, incluso asco. También hay siempre de fondo en mayor o menor medida un aspecto apocalíptico, catastrófico y desolador.
El estilo es directo con frases cortas, lenguaje cotidiano, ágil. Los personajes se dibujan con pinceladas certeras. El planteamiento es rápido. Hace una descripción explicativa del mundo, sin retórica ni florituras. No hay una trama clara, aparecen distintos hilos narrativos, que no llevan a ninguna parte, como la perdida de las llaves del coche, que no se sabe nada más. Delirios, sueños absurdos, fábulas de animales.
Historias dentro de historias para construir un ensayo sobre la sociedad actual. Una sociedad en decadencia, que describe como un campo de batalla en la que personajes treintañeros, perdidos, víctimas del liberalismo económico, obsesionados por el éxito y el dinero, víctimas de la gran mentira del progreso a través de la tecnología. Viven dedicados al trabajo, sin espacio para el amor ni para la vida privada, acumulan egoísmo, soledad, frustración, resentimiento y crueldad.
Es una novela terrible. Un espejo curvo que devuelve una imagen distorsionada que no quieres ver, no importa si te acercas o te alejas, la imagen es una sociedad individualista en guerra consigo misma, absolutamente desconectada, con individuos fragmentados, sin amor y sin esperanza. Houellebecq no propone ninguna solución.
Entonces, ¿ Por qué leer Ampliación del campo de batalla?¿Por qué leer esta novela tan decadente y triste?
No te esperas que en 174 páginas alguien te hable desde las vísceras a tu corazón, poco importa si sabes de nihilismo o si esto es la consecuencia de la revolución del 68, si se parece a Camus o si de base está la filosofía del liberalismo de Michel Clouscard, el hecho es que te deja una sensación extraña de desasosiego y te hace pensar.
Cuando cerré el libro y di vuelta a la portada me quedé un rato mirando la foto. La imagen es una fábrica, todos vestidos iguales, cabezas agachadas, bocas tapadas, los ojos en el trabajo, parecen pollos enjaulados, lo que hay en las bandejas parece tener más vida.
En ese momento comprendía el significado del título y volví a releer:
“La dificultad es que no basta exactamente con vivir según una norma. De hecho consigues (a veces por los pelos, por los mismos pelos, pero en conjunto lo consigues) vivir según la norma. Tus impuestos están al día. Las facturas pagadas en su fecha. Nunca te mueves sin el carnet de identidad (¡y el bolsillito especial para la tarjeta VISA!…). Sin embargo, no tienes amigos.
La norma es compleja, multiforme. Aparte de las horas de trabajo hay que hacer las compras, sacar dinero de los cajeros automáticos (donde tienes que esperar muy a menudo). Además, están los diferentes papeles que hay que hacer llegar a los organismos que rigen los diferentes aspectos de tu vida. Y encima puedes ponerte enfermo, lo cual conlleva gastos y nuevas formalidades.
No obstante, queda tiempo libre. ¿Qué hacer? ¿Cómo emplearlo? ¿Dedicarse a servir al prójimo?
Pero, en el fondo, el prójimo apenas te interesa. ¿Escuchar discos? Era una solución, pero con el paso de los años tienes que aceptar que la música te emociona cada vez menos.
El bricolaje, en su más amplio sentido, puede ser una solución. Pero en realidad no hay nada que impida el regreso, cada vez más frecuente, de esos momentos en que tu absoluta soledad, la sensación de vacuidad universal, el presentimiento de que tu vida se acerca a un desastre doloroso y definitivo, se conjugan para hundirte en un estado de verdadero sufrimiento.
Y, sin embargo, todavía no tienes ganas de morir.”
¿Y de vivir? ¿Es posible vivir sin amor? ¿Hay futuro?
¿Qué hubiera dicho Kira, la protagonista de “Los que Vivimos” de Ayn Rand?
“Sonrió. Sabía que iba a morir. Pero ya no le importaba. Había conocido algo que ninguna palabra humana hubiera podido expresar. Ahora lo sabía. Había esperado eso y ahora lo sentía como si ya hubiera llegado, como si ella lo hubiera vivido. La vida había existido, siquiera porque ella había sabido cómo debía ser, y Kira la sentía ahora como un himno sin música, profunda, bajo la herida que goteaba sobre la nieve, más profunda que su misma sangre.
¿Un momento o la eternidad… ? ¿Acaso tenía importancia? La vida, no vencida, existía y tenía que existir “
Editorial: AnagramaColección: Compactos
Año: 2023
N.º de Páginas: 174
Traducción: Encarna Castejón
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